Edith Head Hollywoods First Woman Fashion Designer Essay

The 1930s ushered in the Golden Age of Hollywood when new technological advances brought lighting, photography, and sound to a new level of excellence. Along with these technical advances, wardrobe departments of major motion picture studios were busy as costume designers, with the assistance of skilled seamstresses, milliners, and tailors, produced stunning garments for glamorous movie stars. During the 1930s and 1940s the field of costume design was dominated by men. But, that didn’t stop Edith Head, who would become one of Hollywood’s most prolific designers, working on more than 500 films, a record for a career such as hers. One thing that separated Edith from her colleagues was that she was making clothes to suit a character; for†¦show more content†¦At this point, Edith enrolled in night classes at first at the Otis Art Institute and later at the Chouinard. Her specialties were landscapes. Edith retreated into her own world while her husband Charles Head traveled and worked. They spent little time together and their lives grew separately. It was her Catholic faith that not only kept her married but also helped her through this trying period. When Howard Greer, chief designer at what would be Paramount, placed an ad in the paper looking for a sketch artists, Edith answered. Because she had no experience in costume design she asked her fellow students at Chouinard to provide some designs which she signed, and headed off to Paramount. Greer was impressed and hired her at fifty dollars a week. She later said of the borrowed portfolio: I was studying seascape and all I could draw was oceans. I need ed a portfolio, so I borrowed sketches  ­ I didn’t steal them. I asked everybody in the class for a few costume design sketches. And I had 3 the most fantastic assortment you’ve ever seen in your life. When you get a class of forty to give you sketches, you get a nice selection. It never occurred to me that it was quite dishonest. And all the students thought it was fun, too, just like a dare to see if I could get the job. I didn’t say the work was mine. I said â€Å"This is the sort of thing we do in our school.† (Head, 19) The pay was good but the work was far from glamorous. Greer was locked in hisShow MoreRelatedThe Fashion Designers : Edith Head1657 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout Hollywood’s history, there have been several great fashion designers. One of these designers is Edith Head. She had a very long and illustrious career that lasted from 1927 to 1981, and she inspired numerous fashion trends based on her costume designs. As the head designer for both Universal and Paramount, she also worked on several popular films including Roman Holiday, Sabrina, and The Sting. Edith Head was very secretive about her childhood and would often lie about it when questionedRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesAyana Jones Senior Managing Editor: Judy Leale Production Project Manager: Becca Groves Senior Operations Supervisor: Arnold Vila Operations Specialist: Cathleen Petersen Senior Art Director: Janet Slowik Art Director: Kenny Beck Text and Cover Designer: Wanda Espana OB Poll Graphics: Electra Graphics Cover Art: honey comb and a bee working / Shutterstock / LilKar Sr. Media Project Manager, Editorial: Denise Vaughn Media Project Manager, Production: Lisa Rinaldi Full-Service Project Management:

Analysis Of The Book Popular Mechanics Essay - 788 Words

Unit 2 Written Assignment English 2 What is the title of the text and what is the text about? I have decided to review the short story, Popular Mechanics by Raymond Carver. The story is about a couple and their baby. The man is quietly packing his bags as the irate woman screams and curses at him. He seems to be attempting to ignore her until the bags are packed and the baby is brought into the occasion. The man never seems to get fierce until the very end when they are fighting over the baby. Physically fighting over the baby! The man obtained control of the baby and the woman tried to snatch the baby away from the man. The man held on tight and pulled back fiercely on the baby. The final sentence of the story states, â€Å"In this manner, the issue was decided† (Carver, 1981). The reader then interprets what happened to the baby. What is the author’s view? How do I know? The author presents a view which is tense and emotionally charged. This is foreshadowed through the author’s description of the darkness coming outside and the melting dirty snow. In the first paragraph Carver recognizes the darkness outside but also states, â€Å"it was getting dark on the inside too† (Carver, 1981). What is the evidence presented by the author to support ideas? The evidence presented by the author to support his ideas is present in how he describes the situation at hand. The woman instigates the fight further by saying, â€Å"I’m glad you’re leaving! I’m glad you’re leaving! She said. Do youShow MoreRelated Leonhard Euler Essay672 Words   |  3 Pagestheir infancy. He claimed that he made some of his greatest discoveries while holding a baby on his arm with other children playing round his feet. The publication of many articles and his book Mechanica (1736-37), which extensively presented Newtonian dynamics in the form of mathematical analysis for the first time, started Euler on the way to major mathematical work. In 1741, at the invitation of Frederick the Great, Euler joined the Berlin Academy of Science, where he remained forRead MoreArab Spring and the French Revolution1272 Words   |  6 PagesFrench Revolution and the Arab Spring Essay Essay Prompt: To what extent does the French Revolution reflect the recent conflicts seen within the Arab Spring? Note: Consider the following themes: * Short-term and long-term causes * Popular Revolts * Voice of the People – leaders, writings, media and symbols * Shifts in Power * International Interventions * Religious Repercussions Research links/News Articles: Middle East Region - http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0Read MoreThe Cartoon Show Total Drama Island1535 Words   |  7 Pagesshould all be destroyed because they don’t fit into a category. In the end of the movie, she tries to redefine her society be going against the popular majority erudite people. She wants her world to know that you can be everything and that you are not just one thing. Is it possible for a thug to be smart too? What if he favors being both street smart and book smart, but society only wants him to do one thing because he breaks the boarder line of normal. In Gerald Graff’s essay â€Å"Hidden IntellectualismRead MoreThe Contribution Of Leonhard Euler1712 Words   |  7 Pagesprofessional in mathematics (Australian Mathematics). His work in calculus, graph theory, and mathematical notation has greatly influenced mathematics (Euler Website). Euler was a great 18th-century mathematician but also worked in music theory and mechanics (Mastin ). His prolific work in various fields and his determination to continue work after facing great physical challenges makes Euler more than a great mathematician, it makes him one of the most significant men to ever live. Leonhard Euler wasRead MoreThe Case Against Perfection : Ethics And The Problems That Arise From It1175 Words   |  5 Pagesscience, this uncertainty has become a thing of the past. The human being is now seen as a commodity and no more is valued in the uncertainty of individuality. The parent can now choose how they want their child to come out or develop into. Sandel’s book The Case Against Perfection: Ethics in the Case of Modern Eugenics is a well researched look into examples of modern eugenics and the problems that arise from it. These topics range from the ethics of cloning, athletes using performance enhancing drugsRead MoreThe Theory Of Deconstruction And Its Impact On Postmodern Architecture1135 Words   |  5 PagesThrough The Wexner Center to Analysis Deconstructionism 1. Deconstructionism Deconstructionism developed in late 1980s by postmodern architecture. The core theory is deconstruction that eliminates construction then forms it together in different way. The first time of deconstruction speak of was Jacques Derrida in 1920s, after that a lot of architect influenced by him, like Peter Eisenman who designed The Wexner Center in OSU. Deconstruction is the critical of stands on modernist orthodoxy principlesRead MoreJntuk 2-1 and 2-2 Mech Syllabus R105047 Words   |  21 Pages I SEMESTER Engineering Mechanics Fluid Mechanics Hydraulic Machinery Thermodynamics Managerial Economics Financial Analysis Electrical Electronics Engineering Computer aided Engineering Drawing lab Electrical Electronics Engg. Lab Fluid Mechanics Hydraulic Machinery Lab English Communication Practice P 4 4 4 4 4 6 3 3 2 II YEAR C II SEMESTER 4 1 Kinematics of Machinery 4 2 Thermal Engineering -I 4 4 4 4 2 2 28 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Production Technology Mechanics of Solids Metallurgy MaterialsRead MoreCan Hybrid Cars Can Improve Fuel Efficiency And Save The Environment?1076 Words   |  5 Pagesof routine maintenance should be accepted as a result of purchasing a hybrid automobile. This is a factor to consider when looking at a sticker price that is already more expensive than the traditional all gasoline powered automobiles. Some local mechanics may be forced to learn totally new car systems in order to provide maintenance for customers in the communities they already serve. The prospect of reduced air pollution is another key factor when considering hybrid cars. Is it possible that a hybridRead MoreDr. Berger s Contagious : Why Things Catch On1626 Words   |  7 PagesCentral Theme The central theme in Jonah Berger’s book, Contagious: Why Things Catch On, focuses on the six important principles of STEPPS that can make a good or service circulate quickly amongst the mass public. Berger explains the reason behind why people talk about a certain product and the resulting factors. The six â€Å"ingredients,† Social Currency, Triggers, Emotion, Public, Practical Value, and Stories, â€Å"cause things to be talked about, shared, and imitated† (Berger, 2013). Basically, STEPPSRead MoreHuman Resource Management: Handle Selection Process1304 Words   |  5 Pagesmake such decision. These are projective techniques and self-report personality (Nikto 2004).The personality measures have often been used in selection of the candidates for managerial positions. They are also used in assessment centres which are popular method of identifying potential managerial. Advantages It enhances the selection the right applicant who can be able to meet or withstand a given challenge. It is cheap to carry out since the candidates are easily eliminated without a putting much

Chronicles of Narnia Free Essays

Chronicles of Narnia The Chronicles of Narnia research paper The Chronicle of Narnia is a very interesting book, it has a classic Good vs. Evil plot. In this story four brave children a saved land. We will write a custom essay sample on Chronicles of Narnia or any similar topic only for you Order Now The book and the movie did not have many differences except for some that were small. To begin the plot of the book, the story takes place during the Second World War in London. Their father was gone in the war and they were living with their mother, there city was getting bombed so they were forced to evacuate. Their mother sent them away to live with Professor Digory Kirke who lived on the country side. They were very bored on a rainy day in England and decided to play hiding go seek. Lucy who was the youngest child was the weakest emotionally and was many times rejected cause of her young age. While in the house playing the game she stumbled upon a room in the back of the house hidden and secluded, were she decided to go. Struggling to find a place to hide she came upon a wardrobe. While in the wardrobe she discovers that it was a portal to a snow covered forest. She was so amazed by her unexpected path into this hidden world, while searching a looking around this land she met a faun. He introduces himself as Mr. Tumnus who invites her home for some tea. Once in the house he began to talk to her, telling her about Narnia an how once it was a beautiful land until it was taken over by the evil White witch who covered the land in snow. After speaking with Mr. Tumnus on this, she had to return to her home, having spent hours in Narnia, to find that only a few minutes have passed in England. She finds her sibling an explains to them of her indifferent experience in a strange land called Narnia. She is unable to convince the others of her adventure as the wardrobe now appears merely as a wardrobe. Several weeks later another game of hide and seek is going on when Lucy and Edmund both hide in the wardrobe, and find that It leads to Narnia. This time in Narnia Edmund and Lucy both have different experiences. While in Narnia, Edmund fails to catch up with Lucy and encounters a pale lady on a sledge, after reviling her identity Edmund is unaware of her evil hold on the land of Narnia and that by using him she can gain acces to the other children an stop the prophecies from being fulfilled, but she wins him over with a few Turkish delights. After returning from Narnia this time Lucy has someone who can tell of their adventure but Edmund denies all things that happened in Narnia and the land itself. A few days later all four children scramble to avoid Mrs. Macready who is showing some visitors around the house. They hide in the wardrobe and find themselves in Narnia. Lucy guides them to Mr. Tumnus’s cave were they found that he had been arrested by the White Witch for having Lucy in his cave, they also ransacked the cave and destroyed all things. A pair of two talking beavers (Mr. and Mrs. Beaver) who shelter the children and recount an ancient prophecy that the witches power will fail when the two sons of Adam and two daughters of eve will fill the four thrones at Cair Parvel. The beavers reveal that the true king of Narnia is great Lion King named Aslant. Edmund, who is still caught up in the witches lies runs away to her castle still thinking she is honest with, while the other children go off in search for Aslant who is the only one at the time with guidance and a solution . When Edmund arrives at the White Witches’s castle she treats him badly when she finds out that he did not return with his siblings, which was the only reason she befriended Edmund. Meanwhile the children find aslant and speak with him the go off in search for their betraying brother. They save Edmund just as he is about to be killed. This presents a problem because although they saved him the witch has claim to all traitors, but aslant (who is the representative of good and purity), sacrifices himself in his place, for one who is pure can serve as a sacrifice in the place of one who is impure. Aslant is sacrificed, but comes back to life through a deeper magic. Afterwards the children wage war against the evil White Witch an her army in a classic Good vs. Evil fight. In the Final Battle the white which is destroyed by aslant and the prophecies are fulfilled. Then the children are then taken to the castle were they see that the people of Narnia have been freed from the evil witches bondage ,then the four children are then named the Kings and Queens of Narnia.. There were some differences in the book but the movie played out nicely although it exaggerated such things, the author’s purpose was not lost. Some differences about the book and movie were that in the movie the white witch froze the whole land of Narnia but in the book they were stone. Also in the last battle the movie portrayed the witch as the ultimate fighting machine who was unstoppable and killing everyone but in the book she didn’t come to the fight until the end an she only tried to kill Peter. Also at 1:45 movie time you see the beavers telling the children of the prophecy when in the book Aslant revealed this to them. Other than that the movie and the book had the same things in common the authors point was never really lost due to the fact that this author past years ago but his stories an legacy live on an were portrayed well in the movie. ? How to cite Chronicles of Narnia, Papers

Twelfth Night Comedy Essays (1888 words) - , Term Papers

Twelfth Night Comedy "Twelfth Night is a comedy of light and shade. Its characters are not unreservedly happy and the events are not unreservedly humorous." Discuss. As a comedy, Twelfth Night is obviously intending to not only entertain its audience but also point out problems in society. It is imperative to entire merit of the play not to be realistic but to allow for empathy. Therefor to have a comedy of complete lightheartedness there would be no balance and hence no avenue for audience interaction. Without light we would have no darkness and for this reason Shakespeare has had to incorporate tragedy in order for the comedy to have it's desired effect. The two in juxtaposition accentuate each other. The characters of Twelfth Night are neither bluntly humorous nor artlessly tragic. Twelfth Night like all Shakespearean comedies is largely about social concerns. The social messages in Twelfth Night are largely about, the need for a balance in life, that you should not judge on appearance as they can be deceptive and the importance of self awareness or the humor in lack of. Neither is artlessly or bluntly humorous, as this would detract from the greater issues he in attempting to convey. Humor instead is used in contrast to some pain to antithesis the comedy and accentuate the themes. The plot of Twelfth Night is comic it explores many social issues in it's comedy yet is also not unrestrained in it's humor. As a comedy Twelfth Night follows, many conventions as far as structure, the setting is in a far away "romantic" land, situation, and events somewhat steer the plot however this is certainly not without art or subtleties. Shakespeare has carefully intertwined comedy and pain in both the main and the sub plots to highlight the comedy and explore the social themes. The audience is forced to suspend disbelief that such a coincidence could occur. The audience is transported from their ordinary mundane existence and is transported into a world of chance, non-existent penalties for practical jokes and the unmistakable harmony of events. It is this incongruity compared to everyday life that is humorous. However, this summer, frivolris setting is not completely free from conflict. There is however, some predominately "lighter" characters that serve as comic relief from the more serious main plot and represent a certain "type" of people in society. Sir Toby and Sir Andrew would have been marvelously enjoyed by Shakespearean audiences as they are today. Not a scene goes by involving these to where we can laugh and the slow wit of Sir Andrew and the awkward puns of Sir Toby. However, we find the names and foolish antics of these two rather amusing. It is with a certain hesitance that we laugh at the gullibility of Sir Toby, his disillusioned love for Olivia is rather somber and balances our opinion of him. This balances is representative of all the characters in Twelfth Night, they may be predominately comic yet they are never completely comic or completely serious. This has the effect on Twelfth Night as making it more true to life and therefor we as the audience can relate and understand the themes. Malvolio and Feste are typical examples of characters that are seen as comic, yet when looking beyond these superficialities we see a far more important role of their character in the play. Feste, his name and title as a "fool" is careful balance of light and shade. He is arguably the most intelligent character in the play and it is evident at the end of the play that he is the most powerful, because he concludes the play. Feste is certainly a vital link between not only the main and sub plots but also as a conveyer of the action to the audience. It is ironic that such wit and wisdom are found in the "fool." Cesario refers to Feste as, "This fellow's wise enough to play the fool: / And to do that well craves wit." The obvious key to understanding the themes Shakespeare is conveying we must closely examine the characters, with which he communicates. Feste is not a character of low, blunt comedy, his merriment is truthful not scornful or artless. Act 1 scene 5, "The more fool, madonna, to mourn for your brother's soul being in heaven. Take away the fool..." Feste is clever well balanced and has a keen understanding of himself and others. This combination of intellect, humor and subtlety effectively conveys the themes of Twelfth Night, rather than a cruel, crude, unreservedly humorous character

Case Study LensCrafters

Case Study LensCrafters Operations Strategy LensCrafters specializes in the manufacture of eyeglasses. It has about 860 service shops in which customers watch over the process of assembling their glasses, which are custom made for one’s special needs. Although the company wishes to expand its markets to take full advantage of economies scale as part of its long-term operations strategies, LensCrafters occupies markets in Canada, Puerto Rico, and United States.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Case Study: LensCrafters specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More LensCrafters anticipates winning confidence of its customers to ensure sustainable business through the provision of quality products and services. These concerns for the operational strategy of the company are implied in the mission of the company, which states that the company endeavors to deliver legendary services to customers while â€Å"crafting perfect quality eyewear in about an hour† (Designing Operations Systems, n.d, p.126). Based on this mission, it is possible that the operations strategy of LensCrafters, which operates as the main mechanism of gaining competitive advantage, is organized around the need of delivering value to customers as the most valuable source of success. According to Pfeifer, Mark, and Conroy (2005), a strategic decision of an organization to focus on delivering values to customers is crucial. In fact, without them, an organization cannot dispose its products to earn profits and/or deliver value to its owners (p.13). Consequently, when LensCrafters focuses on creating value to customers through giving them an opportunity to watch over the process of making their eyewear, it implies that its sustainability efforts possess high probabilities of yielding fruits. The success of this strategy is akin to the development of perception in customers’ that satisfying their needs does not just entail picking an eyewear from t he shop shelves. Rather, it encompasses carrying a detailed analysis of the need of the customer to ensure that the specific needs of each client are fully addressed. How operation management activities affect the customer experience Operations management involves various activities, which enhance customers’ experiences and satisfaction. From the context of supply chain management, operations management houses activities such as â€Å"overseeing, designing, and controlling the process of production and redesigning business operations in the production of goods or services† (Janvier, 2012, p.199). The manner of design of the production process and delivery of products influences the experiences of customers in terms of satisfaction of tastes, preferences, and aesthetic value of products as implied by customer perceptions. In case of eyewear, apart from the capacity to satisfy the medical need of the eyewear, aesthetics properties are also incredible properties of produc ts in the effort to enhance customers’ experience.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In operations management, several challenges are evident. Two of these challenges are communication and change management. In an organization, situations are encountered in which issues fall out of hand with instances in which an organization finds it hard to get people to seal the missing loops of communication within the appropriate time. This often happens when there is miscommunication or inappropriate interpretation of information that is meant to enhance the process of making quality decisions in an organization (Slack, Chambers Johnston, 2010). In such situations, mails, documents together with conversations are sent to various people only to land in the wrong hands or else arriving to the right people at the wrong time. Consequently, when problems emerge, people start blaming one another on various failures. To address this problem, operations managers should alter various communication structures in an organization. This strategy includes breaking down bureaucratic communication networks to permit vertical and horizontal communication. By accomplishing this role, it becomes possible to make clarifications concerning the issue of miscommunication and wrong attachment of meaning to information.  Any organization, including LensCrafters, which wishes to gain a competitive advantage and/or build a sustainable brand, must address the challenge of change management. Essentially, people are reluctant to change especially once they become accustomed to a given working culture (Slack, Chambers Johnston, 2010). In the process of execution of various operation strategies, operations managers anticipate achieving all plans within constrained timelines, with precise quality standards, and without flaws. However, in practice, this strategy is not pos sible since flaws are often inevitable. Managers have to face the challenges of project scope changes, personnel, and even alterations of various project parameters including timelines of various tasks. Such changes have negative consequences to an organization such as consumption of additional financial resources. To resolve the problem of change management, it is important that operations managers seek and/or embrace flexibility in terms of willingness to alter plans, information vital for completion of tasks in new ways, and more importantly embrace close collaboration with all stakeholders. This implies that, to develop the capacity to address challenges of change management, the organizational protocols for process execution need to have flexible command chains.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Case Study: LensCrafters specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More LensCrafters’ value chain The value chain of Lens Crafters is organized around customer perceptions about the nature and quality of products and services. From the perspective of the nature of services, the appeal of the stores of the company is a major concern. It is for this reason that the company ensures, â€Å"the store is spacious, open, clean, carpeted, and has professional merchandise display area fitted with modern furniture† (Designing Operations Systems, n.d, p.127). With this glamour of the store, it means that customers would associate the eyewear offered by LensCrafters with specialty, aesthetic, and confidence in terms of appeal while wearing them. In fact, if customers go home with the glasses and find that they do not meet this brand image, the company is flexible enough to reaccept the glasses in exchange for another pair that meets the needs of clients through its unconditional 30-day service guarantee strategy. In delivering value to customers through the provision of quality products and services, inputs of employees are vital. This position is perhaps magnificently clear in the operations strategy of the LensCrafters. The company frames its key issues for consideration at the service counters with regard to the satisfaction of both employees and customers. For instance, the company considers various issues that are worth paying sufficient attention to ensure that right people are recruited, trained, and motivated to enhance quality service at the customer service counters. The issue of rewards system is also not left behind. This strategy is an attempt to build employee commitment to the value, mission, and objectives of the organization. In fact, in any organization, employees are the people who are in close contact with customers to whom value must be delivered. Hence, even though organizational structures may be developed by the management team to enhance customers’ satisfaction and value delivery, their implementation is solely in the hands of employees. This assertion perhaps points well why the value chain for LensCrafters revolves around the aspects, which are in close contact with customers such as employees and the physical presence of the stores. Performance measurements Organizations must evaluate the extents of achievement of their goals, strategies, and operations in an effort to develop indicators that show whether the outputs measure up to the inputs as anticipated. LensCarfters can deploy several performance measurements. They include efficiency, effectiveness, productivity, quality, safety, and timeline performance measurements. The operations strategies of the LensCarfters that are deemed appropriate for ensuring that the organization gains a competitive advantage in the eyewear industry are structured in terms of value delivery to the customers.  Customers are cautious about the quality of the eyewear they purchase from LensCarfters. Hence, it is important for the company to develop quality performance measurements.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This goal can be achieved by development of a scale for rating â€Å"the degree to which a product or service meets customer requirements and expectations† (Ittner Larcker, 2008, p.215). A more simplistic scale would be keeping track of the number of returns and customer complaints. A lesser number of returns and customer complaints would imply a high quality of the eyewear offered by LensCrafters. An organization not only exists to offer quality products and services to customers. It also provides value to investors. Hence, a performance measure for effectiveness is necessary for LensCrafters. Such a measurement would help the company to know the degree to which the company is capable of producing outputs at minimal costs. Lower costs indicate a higher net of value return. Usage of effectiveness performance measurement at the company would mean that, in case it is realized that the company is cost ineffective, strategies should be deployed to alter operations and technologi es. Ineffective production technologies have the implication of low production outputs, which influence the competitive advantage of an organization together with its sustainability (Slack, Chambers, Johnston, 2010). Technologies applied to LensCrafters’ service operations Technology is dynamic. To avoid obsolescence, it is important for an organization to adopt flexible technologies. Flexibility is crucial since it creates opportunities for fast and cost effective switchover from one production technology to another when such a need arises. LensCafters may be viewed as deploying customized production technology. The company produces its products based on orders placed by clients upon successful testing to determine the type of product that best suits a particular customer’s needs. Since mass flow is not involved, high mechanization through the usage of single purpose machineries is not used in the making of glasses. This implies that the company has the flexibility i n terms of having the capacity to fit in new designs of eyewear. Customized production technology has its own demerits. For instance, it is incredibly difficult to determine the types of materials to procure since it is not precisely known what is likely to be demanded by a given customer and in what magnitudes. Consequently, although the company insists that it strategically focuses on one-hour service delivery, challenges emerge when urgent ordering of raw materials is required to meet the needs of special customers. Another important production technology showcased by LensCrafters is the just-in-time production technology. Under this technology, products are produced just at the right time when they are required. This helps in the reduction of waste accumulation. Wastes refer to finished stocks, work in progress, and raw materials that are held in stores among other things that are associated with unfinished products. In the context of LensCrafters, this technology is important s ince it enhances effective performance of the organization through the reduction of the costs associated with the handling of wastes. Reference List Designing Operations Systems (n.d). An integrated case study of LensCrafters. London: Routlege. Ittner, C., Larcker, D. (2008). Coming up Short on Nonfinancial Performance Measurement. Harvard Business Review, 2(1), 212-223. Janvier, M. (2012). A new introduction to supply chain management: Definitions and theories perspective. International Business Research, 5(1), 194-207. Pfeifer, P., Mark, H., Conroy, R. (2005). Customer Lifetime Value, Customer Profitability, and the Treatment of Acquisition Spending. Journal of Managerial, 17(1), 11-26. Slack, N., Chambers, S., Johnston, R. (2010).Operations Management. New Jersey: Person Education.

History of Antiseptics & Legacy of Ignaz Semmelweis

History of Antiseptics & Legacy of Ignaz Semmelweis Antiseptic technique and the use of chemical antiseptics is a recent development in the history of surgery and medical treatment. This isnt surprising since the discovery of germs and Pasteurs proof that they could cause disease didnt occur until the last half of the 19th century. Wash Your Hands Hungarian obstetrician Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis was born July 1, 1818 and died August 13, 1865. While working at the maternity department of the Vienna General Hospital in 1846, he was concerned with the rate of puerperal fever (also called childbed fever) among the women who gave birth there. This was often a deadly condition. The rate for puerperal fever was five times higher in the ward that was staffed by male doctors and medical students and lower in the ward staffed by midwives. Why should this be? He tried eliminating various possibilities, from the position of giving birth to eliminating a walk-through by a priest after patients died. These had no effect. In 1847, Dr. Ignaz Semmelweiss close friend, Jakob Kolletschka, cut his finger while doing an autopsy. Kolletschka soon died of symptoms like those of puerperal fever. This led Semmelwiss to note that the doctors and medical students often performed autopsies, while the midwives did not. He theorized that particles from the cadavers were responsible for transmitting the disease. He instituted washing hands and instruments with soap and chlorine. At this time, the existence of germs was not generally known or accepted. The miasma theory of disease was the standard one, and chlorine would remove any ill vapors. The cases of puerperal fever dropped dramatically when doctors were made to wash after doing an autopsy. He lectured publicly about his results in 1850. But his observations and results were no match for the entrenched belief that disease was due to an imbalance of humours or spread by miasmas. It also was an irritating task that put blame on spreading disease on the doctors themselves. Semmelweis spent 14 years developing and promoting his ideas, including publishing a poorly-reviewed book in 1861.  In 1865, he suffered a nervous breakdown and was committed to an insane asylum where he soon died from blood poisoning. Only after Dr. Semmelweiss death was the germ theory of disease developed, and he is now recognized as a pioneer of antiseptic policy and prevention of nosocomial disease. Joseph Lister: Antiseptic Principle By the middle of the nineteenth century, post-operative sepsis infection accounted for the death of almost half of the patients undergoing major surgery. A common report by surgeons was: operation successfully but the patient died. Joseph Lister had been convinced of the importance of scrupulous cleanliness and the usefulness of deodorants in the operating room; and when, through Pasteurs research, he realized that the formation of pus was due to bacteria, he proceeded to develop his antiseptic surgical method. The Legacy of Semmelweis and Lister Handwashing  between patients is now recognized as the best way to prevent spreading illness in health care settings. It still is difficult to get full compliance from doctors, nurses and other members of the health care team. Using sterile technique and sterile instruments in surgery has had better success.

Human resource management Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Human resource management - Coursework Example This would include human resource planning, recruitment, selection and training in organizations. The recruitment and selection process would depend on the kind of establishment that is set up. This must be accompanied with the right kind of training and development programs to equip candidates with the requisite skills and expertise. However, training programs must b customized to meet the individual training needs of employees. Training might be internally conducted by the organizations catering to their own needs and skill requirements. However, there are a large number of training institutes in the region offering wide variety of training for organizations. Off the job training is most widely used by the private sector firms in UAE. In UAE, organizations are encouraged to practice group activities and team work. Thus training might be imparted on group problem solving activities. Organizations can also undertake high level skill training for their workforce. The key role of HRM is ensuring employee performance and productivity. This includes identifying the key components of candidates’ performance. It is important that the performances of employees are monitored by their immediate supervisors, peers, colleagues, subordinates and themselves. This is useful in making a complete review of their performance in the organization. A crucial component of performance management system is performance appraisal system. The appraisal system is considered to be most crucial for encouraging individual performance and raising their level of satisfaction too. The competitive structure of the UAE labour market and the cut throat competition existing between organizations calls for strict performance appraisal system. Under the system employees would be compensated or rewarded according to the evaluation of their performance. Employee performance must be aligned and rated against organizational goals and